i don't think this is right.
a tree is alive from its center to its bark.
i think biologists say that a plant is only dead when every cell is dead. i don't know how much of that tree in Utah is alive vs. dead, i just thought it was a cool link. i actually jumped there from a stub on a giant clonal fungus in Washington state, i think.
denyasis
in the second half of #620, that's exactly what i was trying to say and didn't do a great job of it.
While we are on biology
i will definately respond to this post later. i worked a 12-hour day today - throw on the 3 hours' travel time, and i'm beat. i'm surprised i had the umph for what i've written so far (and what follows). it's another train of thought, so it's easier to stick with the brain for this post.
i have to wonder just how much brain is required for the 'basic functioning' you mention above
that can be answered fairly easily in humans.

the lowest part, the medulla, coordinates most of our 'basic activity' - the most basic. the medulla manages autonomic functions, such as heart beat, body temperature, and various reflexes. farther up is the pons, which is mainly a sensory relay. the cerebellum, the thing on the right, deals with motor coordination, but neurologists don't all agree in what ways. there's lots of evidence to say it helps with timing movements, and another large body that says it's a sort of autopilot for movements you take without thinking, like walking.
the "midbrain" and a few other organelles make up what's called the limbic system. this is the part of the brain for which it seems, to me at least, we know the least about. it's clearly involved with emotion and instinct, but it doesn't work in a vacuum. from an evolutionary point of view, a significant minority think it's the 'second step' in brain evolution in animals. fear, disgust, urgency, sexual desire -- all coorespond to electrical storms moving through different parts of the limbic system.
but it's that annoying cerebral cortex, the grey matter, that makes things hard to understand. the grey matter is the largest part of the brain both visually and by volume, but most of it isn't cell nuclei. most of it are dendrites and axons, neuron connections. it'd be wrong to say that most of it isn't involved in thinking. the clearest evidence is that most of it is involved in sensory processing, and that "thinking" in lay terms involves a great deal of sensory information.
so why is so much of our brain tied up in connections and sensory processing? that's a much more interesting question, speaking in neurological-philosophical terms. your flying bug? there needn't much more than a single connection between the eyes and the wings to avoid an object in one's path. but the bug doesn't identify the object, not with the same sense pathways at least, and not in the same sense of what an identification means for a human. a bug doesn't name the object, and it doesn't come to a critical moment where it decides to avoid or not to avoid the object. that's why our brains have so much more connectivity - because there are so many more processing iterations between stimulus and behavior.
so, to answer the question in the longest way possible, i'd say we could get by doing about as much as your flying bug if we had about half our brain mass (just a ball park estimate). the medulla and cerebellum wouldn't change much at all. the limbic system would probably be a bit smaller, and the cerebral cortex would also be smaller (in volume), but mostly because of a reduction in connectivity, not simply a raw reduction of neurons.
I would bet my life that the micro computer you developed to simulate a tiny insect would not need to be much bigger to simulate the elephant with all its natural behaviour and intelligence included.
well i don't want to see you dead, but i have to say i think you'd lose that bet. i think what i might point out is that you're lumping brain functions together based on experience, whereas if you actually study how a brain works, you'd see that most of our experiences involve lots of layers of processing. let's just look at vision. insect eyes are different than mammal eyes. compound eyes have horrible image resolution, but are great for seeing a wide angle and detecting movement quickly. so an insects brain is wired to look for general cues that might lead them to what they want - there's green over there, go that way for food.
human vision has much more resolution (though our eyes are actually kind of poor, but i'll get back to that). we have specialized areas of our visual cortex for detecting color, shape, contrast, movement, and a few others. those initial processes are re-compiled in some especial ways - for example we're hard wired to detect faces. what's amazing is that most of what stengths in vision we have aren't a factor of our eyes, but our brains. if you took a snapshot of what the eye detects in a split second, it'd look horrible, sort of like a camera man took a snap shot while running towards the subject. our brains make up for this the same way as NASA does for blurry images of space - by 'averaging' several successive shots for a clearer end product, and so fast we can't usually detect it. it accomplishes this by having the eye move its focus very, very quickly, very frequently, in very small amounts (it can't be detected without a measurement instrument).
so the point is, not all vision is created/evolved equally. this part of a neuropsych class usually comes with lots of fun, and usually familiar, optical illusions. i don't feel like looking up any more images, but here's one you can do at home. have you ever found your blind spot? everyone's got one; it's where the optical nerve enters your retina, breaking the uniformity of light receptor cells. you can't normally see it until you make yourself see it, so here's what you do.
first, look dead forward and find a spot on a relatively distant object or surface that you can focus on - just something to keep your eye trained in more or less the same spot. i usually look for something on the wall.
second, cover one eye with your hand (it's much easier than closing one eye, trust me).
third, hold your thumb up and out at arm's length, to cover the spot you're focusing on. then, slowly move it away (opposite the direction of your covered eye). try to keep it on the same level as the spot you're focusing on. at about 20 degrees, if you're moving your thumb slowly enough, it'll disappear.
it takes a little patience; i think some people who say they can't find it are just not realizing that they're experiencing it.
"disappear" isn't exactly a good description, but it's the best one there is. not everyone can manage to do this, so i'll explain how i experience it. it's like my thumb just isn't there. it doesn't seem like there's something covering it, and it almost seems like i can see the background through it. that perception, the continuation of the background, is common, something your brain does. it sees a pattern in the background and 'fills in' where the eye can't see. i dunno, if you do find the blind spot, maybe you won't find it as cool as i do. but i think it's a really trippy little experience, maybe just because it's so far from the normal types of sensation available (it's not vision, it's non-vision).
anyway, just a random Mr. Wizard moment

anyone else remember that guy?