How could I update the game, it is automatic? It's my first Impulse game so I do not know how it work. I am use to d/l little update and run a a little .exe file and there you go.
It isn't automatic. When you log into Impulse, it checks for updates for all your registrations. If there are any, it will create an Updates tab along with the My Games, etc which will show you available updates. Then you just select the game/app and hit update, from there it does everything.
Impulse can also run in a tray app (optional) that's always on and will flash when there's an update, then you can launch the main client from it. The tray app can also be used to launch the games/apps in your lists, so it can be handy there too.
How could I know if I am connected to other players? I am sure I could see in status something that will inform me who is an AI and who is not?
When you're joining a game there should be a little "Connection info..." window popping up in the lower right corner. If you click it, it will show more detailed status, who you're connecting to, connections already made, etc. You can tell AI in-game by opening the score screen. Any player with 0 ping is AI.
If I am the only human player, can I just leave the game or will a defeat appears in my ranking. Moreover, if I am alone, it is because I was disconnected or all players but me were disconnected. If I was the disconnected one, should I pursue the game or in any case I will be awarded of a defeat in my ranking?
I'm not sure on the disconnects, but in a normal game with AIs you would take a loss. They are changing it so that AIs will not be matched with you after you've played a few skirmish/Pantheon games, but this isn't in yet. Soon enough though it won't be an issue at all.
last question, what is the command in "chat" to write to all players (including enemies)?
Enter/return should be chat-all, and shift+enter should be chat-ally.